Fatal Airline Events Associated with New York City

The fatal airliner events occurring in New York City in the latter part of 2001 have caused many to question whether New York City and its airports have had a disproportionate share of fatal events. Below is a list of fatal events involving airliners in New York City or airliners that were either inbound or outbound to one of the three New York City area major airports. The list includes scheduled and non-scheduled jet airline flights that occurred since 1970 and may include passenger fatalities due to hijackings, sabotage, or military action.

1. 2 May 1970; ALM DC9-33CF; near St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands: The aircraft had departed JFK airport in New York for St. Maarten in the Netherlands Antilles. After three missed approaches, the crew diverted to St. Croix. While en route, the aircraft ran out of fuel and the crew ditched the aircraft. While the flight crew made specific preparations for ditching, the imminent ditching was not communicated to the cabin crew. As a result, several occupants were not belted in at the time of the ditching. The aircraft remained afloat for five to six minutes before sinking in waters about one mile (1600 meters) deep. One of the six crew members and 22 of the 57 passengers were killed. The accident was investigated by the NTSB and the details are available in NTSB report NTSB-AAR-71-8 dated 31 March 1971.
   
   
2. 24 June 1975; Eastern Airlines 727-200; New York, NY: The aircraft was a scheduled flight from New Orleans to JFK Airport in New York that crashed on approach after encountering wind shear associated with a very strong thunderstorm. Six of the eight crew members and 107 of the 116 passengers were killed.



3. 27 April 1976; American Airlines 727; St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands: The aircraft was on a scheduled flight from JFK airport in New York to St. Thomas. The aircraft overran the runway after an unsuccessful attempt at aborting the landing. Two of the seven crew members and 35 of the 81 passengers were killed.
4. 27 March 1977;Pan Am 747-100; Tenerife, Canary Islands: The aircraft had been scheduled to arrive at the Las Palmas airport after a non-scheduled flight from New York's JFK airport, but was diverted to Tenerife after a bomb explosion at the Las Palmas airport. Because of limited visibility and communications difficulties between air traffic control and a KLM 747 aircraft, the KLM 747 started its takeoff and collided with the Pan Am 747 that was taxiing on the same runway. Nine of the 16 crew and 321 of the 380 passengers on the Pan Am flight were killed. All 234 passengers and 14 crew on the KLM 747 were killed.
   
   
5. 21 December 1988; Pan Am 747-100; near Lockerbie, Scotland: The aircraft was about a half hour into a scheduled flight from London's Heathrow airport to JFK airport in New York when a bomb detonated in the forward cargo compartment. The explosion led to an in flight breakup of the aircraft. All 16 crew and 243 passengers perished. Eleven people on the ground were also killed.
6. 20 September 1989; USAir 737-400; La Guardia Airport, New York: The crew incorrectly trimmed the rudder for takeoff and were forced to abort the takeoff. The aircraft overran the runway and was partially submerged in water. Two of the 55 passengers were killed.
7. 25 January 1990; Avianca 707-300; Cove Neck, NY: The aircraft crashed about 20 miles (32 km) from the airport due to fuel exhaustion during its second approach to JFK airport after a scheduled flight from Medellin, Colombia. The NTSB determined that the accident happened in part due to the crew's inadequate fuel management and their failure to communicate their fuel status to ATC. Eight of the nine crew members and 65 of the 149 passengers were killed. There were 11 infants among the passengers, and one of the infants was killed.
8. 22 March 1992; USAir F28-4000; New York, NY: The aircraft crashed just after takeoff due to icing on the aircraft's wings. The aircraft was departing from La Guardia airport under in snowy conditions. Three of the four crew members and 24 of the 47 passengers were killed.
9. 17 July 1996; TWA 747-100; Atlantic Ocean near Long Island, NY: The aircraft was on a flight from JFK airport in New York to Paris and had a catastrophic in flight breakup shortly after departure. All 18 crew and 212 passengers perished.
   
   
10. 2 September 1998; Swissair MD11; near Halifax, Canada: The aircraft was on a nonstop flight from New York's JFK airport to Geneva, Switzerland. The aircraft crashed at night in the Atlantic Ocean close to shore about 50 miles (80 km) southwest of Halifax, Nova Scotia. All 15 crew members and 214 passengers were killed.
11. 31 October 1999; EgyptAir 767-300ER; Atlantic Ocean near Nantucket Is., MA: Radar and radio contact with the aircraft was lost shortly after the aircraft departed JFK Airport in New York on a flight to Cairo. The aircraft was last sighted about 60 miles (96 km) SSE of Nantucket Is. The flight was carrying 15 crew members and 202 passengers.
12. 25 July 2000; Air France Concorde near Paris, France: The aircraft was on a charter flight from Charles de Gaulle airport near Paris to JFK airport in New York. Shortly before rotation, the front right tire of the left landing gear ran over a strip of metal which had fallen off of another aircraft. Pieces of the damaged tire were thrown against the aircraft structure. There was a subsequent fuel leak and major fire under the left wing. Power was lost on engine number two and for a brief period on engine number one. Shortly after engine number one lost power for the second time, the crew lost control of the aircraft and crashed into a hotel in the town of Gonesse. All 100 passengers and nine crew members were killed. Four people on the ground were also killed.
    
    
13. 11 September 2001; American Airlines 767 (Flight 11); World Trade Center, New York: The aircraft was on a flight from Boston to Los Angeles when it was hijacked and flown into one of the World Trade Center Towers. Another jet, a United Airlines 767, was hijacked and crashed into the other tower. Both towers later collapsed. All 11 crew members, 76 passengers, and five hijackers were killed, as were untold numbers of people on the ground.
    
    
14. 11 September 2001; United Airlines 767 (Flight 175); World Trade Center, New York: The aircraft was on a flight from Boston to Los Angeles when it was hijacked and flown into one of the World Trade Center Towers. Another jet, an American Airlines 767, was hijacked and crashed into the other tower. Both towers later collapsed. All nine crew members, 51 passengers, and five hijackers were killed, as were untold numbers of people on the ground.
    
    
15. 11 September 2001; United Airlines 757 (Flight 93); near Pittsburgh, PA: The aircraft was on a flight from Newark to San Francisco when it was hijacked. However, the aircraft crashed outside Pittsburgh. All seven crewmembers, 34 passengers, and four hijackers were killed.
    
    
16. 12 November 2001; American Airlines A300; Queens, New York: The aircraft was on a flight from New York to Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic when it crashed into a residential neighborhood just outside JFK airport. The aircraft experienced an in-flight breakup, with the vertical fin and one engine landing away from the main impact site. There were a number of homes damaged or destroyed by the crash, and five people on the ground were killed. All nine crew members and 251 passengers on the aircraft were killed, including five infants.

Judge challenges Silverstein's $2.8B WTC airlines suit

Developer Larry Silverstein may not be able to collect $2.8 billion in damages he was seeking from airlines and security companies he claims are partially responsible for the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist destruction of the World Trade Center, according to the most recent ruling in the eight-year saga.

A judge for the U.S. Southern District ruled last week that $4.1 billion in insurance claims Mr. Silverstein's firm, World Trade Center Properties, has collected from various insurers may offset any damages he was seeking from the airlines.

The court earlier this year limited Mr. Silverstein's claim against the airlines and security companies to a maximum of $2.8 billion—a much smaller amount than the $12.8 billion he sought in the original suit, filed in 2004.

Mr. Silverstein sued the airlines and security companies for failing to prevent the attacks and was seeking damages for his losses after the Twin Towers fell.

The aviation defendants argued that the insurance recovery World Trade Center Properties had already received—the $4.1 billion—should be used to offset Mr. Silverstein’s claims against the airlines and security firms.

Mr. Silverstein argued that the two claims are not related and should go to a jury trial. A WTCP spokesman noted this week that the firm is still allowed to sue for further “consequential” damages.

Each side declared victory in the latest ruling.

WTCP can pursue its quest for damages. Indeed, a representative for Mr. Silverstein said this week WTPC plans to continue with the lawsuit.

As for the airlines, the judge noted in his ruling that he considered the $4.1 billion that WTCP collected covered both the costs of replacing the buildings and the business lost in the interim, “unless WTCP pleads and proves specific facts” that the money applied to other things. The court also ruled that Mr. Silverstein was not entitled to recover the costs of replacing tenants, nor could he recover lawyers' fees from the airlines.

The airlines have spent years fighting to lower the potential monetary damages from Mr. Silverstein’s suit. Last year, their legal team even suggested the suit was seeking more money than the total amount of insurance the airlines and security firms had available.

Correction: Larry Silverstein’s World Trade Center Properties may still proceed with its lawsuit seeking $2.8 billion in damages against the airlines and security firms involved in 9/11 attacks. That fact was misstated in an earlier version of this article published Oct. 7, 2009.

Airline trade group predicts 2009 loss of $11B for carriers

Global airline losses are headed for a worse-than-expected $11 billion this year and it's not clear when lucrative business travel will rebound to pre-recession levels, a trade group said today.

As recently as June, the International Air Transport Association had expected airlines to lose $9 billion this year. But airlines lost $6 billion in the first half alone. They're still suffering from persistently high fuel prices, weak demand, and falling fares.

Jennifer Brown/The Star-LedgerPlanes at Newark Liberty Airport in this 2008 file photo. Airlines are expecting more than $11 billion in losses this year, a trade group said today.

Airlines have struggled to fill seats -- especially the profitable ones at the front of the plane, and last-minute business travelers who pay more. Demand for business and first-class seats has dropped 20 percent, compared with a 5 percent drop in coach.

The amount passengers will pay to travel is expected to fall 12 percent this year.

"When yields fall, they almost never recover," said Giovanni Bisignani, IATA's director general and CEO, speaking at a news conference in Washington.

Because of the recession, airlines are losing more money in 2008-2009 than they lost in 2001-2002 after the Sept. 11 attacks, Bisignani said. After Sept. 11, it took more than three years for airline revenues to recover -- and that was in a much smaller recession, he said.

"This could be a long-lasting structural change," he said. "Even with better volumes we don't see industry revenues returning to 2008 levels until 2012, 2013 at the earliest."

IATA predicted a 2010 loss of $3.8 billion, and said it doesn't expect the industry to turn a profit until 2011 at the earliest.

Bisignani said they are starting to see the beginnings of an economic recovery, especially in Asia. That's helping to stem the declines in travelers and freight. But passengers are paying less to travel than they used to, and oil prices have risen. The air transport group said those factors are more than offsetting economic growth.

"Unfortunately the prices of fuel are increasing, anticipating a recovery that we do not see in our business," Bisignani said.

Cargo is no better. Freight haulers have taken 227 cargo freighters out of the fleet. But remaining freighters are flying only half full, IATA said. Delta Air Lines Inc. has said it will ground its fleet of 14 747 freighters by the end of this year, although Delta and other carriers also haul cargo in the bellies of their passenger jets.

The amount of cargo shipped in July fell 11.3 percent compared to the year before. Still, that was better than the 23.2 percent dropoff in June.

"This is a sign that the global economy is starting to work, but it's weak, and it's fragile," Bisignani said.

Bisignani said airlines aren't looking for government bailouts, but they do need action to make it possible to turn a profit, he said. He called on airports to cut fees, and praised a 25 percent reduction in charges to operate at Singapore, and 50 percent in Malaysia. He said he's concerned that John F. Kennedy and Newark Liberty airports, meanwhile, "could soon become the most expensive airports in the world."

The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, which runs both airports, responded with a statement saying, "Airlines regularly seek to enter this market and those who already serve the region often look for ways to expand."

Losses Swell for the World’s Airlines, Trade Group Says

PARIS — Despite early signs of global recovery, rising fuel costs and weak travel demand are keeping the world’s airlines in “survival mode,” with predicted losses now expected to swell to $11 billion by the end of the year, a leading industry trade group said Tuesday.

The International Air Transport Association revised a June forecast of a $9 billion industry-wide loss in 2009 and said the pain would continue into next year, with an expected loss of $3.8 billion in 2010.

“The global economic storm may be abating, but airlines have not yet found a safe harbor,” said Giovanni Bisignani, chief executive of the association, which includes 230 of the world’s largest carriers. “The crisis continues.”

The news came as Japan Airlines announced plans to cut 6,800 jobs, trim routes and quickly secure emergency funds from an overseas carrier, stepping up restructuring efforts amid mounting losses that threaten to pull the flag carrier under.

Global revenue is set to drop by 15 percent to $455 billion, though it is expected to stabilize by next year as airlines continue to park aircraft and reduce flight frequencies in order to keep seats filled.

Still, the association warned that it could take at least three years before revenue returns to the peak of $535 billion seen in 2008.

Global airline revenues are set to drop by 15 percent to $455 billion, the I.A.T.A. said, though they are expected to stabilize by next year as airlines continue to park aircraft and reduce flight frequencies to keep seats filled. Still, the group warned that it could take at least three years before revenues return to the peak of $535 billion seen in 2008.

T

The air association more than doubled its predicted losses for North American and European airlines, saying that high levels of unemployment and consumer debt in those regions would continue to restrain spending on air travel.

North American carriers are now expected to lose $2.6 billion this year, up from an earlier forecast of $1 billion, while European airlines will probably lose $3.8 billion, compared with the $1.8 billion predicted previously.

Airlines in the Asia-Pacific region, where consumers are less burdened by debt, will probably see a faster and stronger improvement in traffic, the air association said. The region is expected to post a loss of $3.6 billion this year, but should return to modest profitability by the end of 2010.

Middle East and Gulf carriers, meanwhile, are bouncing back rapidly. The trade group slashed its forecast losses for the region to just $500 million this year from $1.5 billion previously, as carriers like Emirates, Etihad and Qatar Airways continue to capture market share on long-haul routes to Europe and the Far East.

Average fares per mile, known as yields, are expected to fall 12 percent this year as a 20 percent drop in demand for business- and first-class travel has forced airlines to slash premium ticket prices — traditionally the industry’s biggest moneymakers. Coupled with a 15 percent drop in cargo revenue, the air association warned that the current crisis would “leave a lasting mark” on the industry’s structure.

Many airlines are already charging extra for checked luggage and meals, while cutting back on the number of first- and business-class seats in their cabins. In Europe, a growing number of main line carriers have done away with premium seats altogether on flights of less than three hours.

The association said it had also revised its estimate for world airline losses in 2008 to $16.8 billion from $10.4 billion, to reflect accounting changes and restatements by some of its 230 member airlines.

“The bottom line of this crisis — with combined 2008-9 losses at $27.8 billion — is larger than the impact of 9/11,” Mr. Bisignani said. The terrorist attacks on the United States in September 2001 resulted in total industry losses of $24.3 billion through the end of 2002.

Airlines and the European Trading System

The European Union is expected to release a complete list of airlines that will be required to participate in the European cap and trade system later this month, but a preliminary list includes over 700 airlines registered in the U.S. including Delta, United and American Airlines.

Many governments, airlines, and industry groups see the move as a violation of national sovereignty and a bad move for business, imposing additional cost burdens at a time when airlines are facing difficult economic conditions.

However, a report released recently by the German air marchal - Climate Policy and Industrial Competitiveness - reveals that Europe’s cap and trade has Emissions trading does not inevitably impose net costs on industry. Indeed, notes the report, despite initially opposing the EU ETS, all participating industrial sectors in Europe have in aggregate profited from its operation to date-perhaps excessively.

While the airline industry has been left out of many national carbon reduction goals in the past (as a direct result of the industry’s omission from the Kyoto protocol) many regions are now looking to the sector for carbon reduction savings.

One major fear for U.S. carriers is that a regional approach will result in double carbon taxation, as the current climate bill that passed in the House already includes taxation on jet fuel. The EU has vowed to honor other regional pacts and to eliminate double taxation in a timely manner.

Unlike Utilities, who can invest in renewable energies and technologies to immediately offset their carbon liability, airlines face fewer options. The most feasible are to improve fuel efficiency or purchase additional carbon permits from the E.U. The European model does not have a hard cap, meaning that airlines can purchase as many permits as they like, if they can afford it.

Automatic Forex Trading Software

Awareness with regards to software had surprisingly increased from the time when automated systems was established and became usual as well as made available. What was once the sole domain of banking companies and other such large investors, financial and otherwise, is now luring tiny and mid level investors. This is the market where one trades currency of one country with that of another. Trillions of dollars change hands here every day, on a straight basis, which makes it the largest financial market in the world.

Now that there is the internet and sophisticated computer technology in place, any one with an net link, forex dealing computer software, account and good brokering knowledge can deal in forex. This broad marketplace is open round the clock so if you want to keep updated with the events going on inside you should be able to keep an eye for it. These automated systems can actually help you with choosing not only the currency ahead of any purchase but also the asking and selling price involved. What are required are a tiny investment sum and a broking agent for immediate transactions.

Making money in this deal or market needs no proper proficiency since all the work will be done by the automated forex trading software systems for you. In the case of managed accounts utilizing the automated trading systems, the program automatically manages all the details for you. Since you do not get involved in trading yourself, you save a lot of time using this process. Unlike manual dealing the automatic dealing platforms can assistance you control more than one account at the simultaneously. When you want to trade in multiple markets with multiple systems, these programs allow you to do this.

There is this added benefit with forex dealing software programs where you can trade anytime you wish, without having to be there in person. You will never miss a good chance of making profits, even when you are away from the computer. Not only does this make working with multiple systems a piece of cake, it also gives you the chance of marshalling many of your forex strategies instantly. You can broaden your investment and get the utmost profits that you desire with the nominal risk involved since the activation of each system is intended to be carried out by various specific deal elements.

To avoid making illogical dealing decisions, this forex trading software doesn’t actually consider any human ingredients to interfere and this is just the best thing in having this computer software. This enables you to manipulate as well as deal in multiple currencies concurrently.

If you want to enjoy those maximum returns that you can get from this forex trading software then you might as well be taught of the basics of trading, the analysis concerned to it, the study of market trends and indicators, etc. Even when one used a highly advanced automated system, it still does not ensure profits, since the forex market is changeable and unpredictable. It is possible to set the program of the forex trading computer software with ease and you can even tailor-make the settings to suit your own tastes.

FOREX Trading - An Assets Breeding Business In The Internet

You may understand that the is a apparatus acclimated by some humans in authoritative banknote by accepting online businesses. It is a actuality that the internet could bear banknote at your aperture if you accept ability on how. Absolutely you would like to try and acquire through the internet .

One way is traveling into FOREX trading. Although this online business has already existed for a amount of years, you accept to yield it into application and this is one of those newer assets breeding businesses through the internet .

The FOREX bazaar has alone been opened to banks and bunch corporations. They are alone the ones that accept been accustomed to barter in the all-inclusive and actual aqueous market. The bill is traded adjoin anniversary other. To accomplish here, one haveto understand if to barter specific kinds of currencies and which of this bill they should barter it adjoin with.

Because of the internet the FOREX bazaar has now opened to anybody who can admission the internet . This agency that you too can become a bill banker even if you accept no actor dollars to spare. With just a hundred dollars, you can now alpha trading bill in this actual ample market.

The abundant affair about this FOREX bazaar is that it is about consistently accessible everyday. This would beggarly that you are able to barter anytime of the day. The trading actuality can aswell be actual ample in agreement of the bulk of money that is getting circulated. In fact, individual trading day, there are hundreds of billions of dollars are exchanged.

In this affectionate of market, you are absolutely able to create some cash, if you understand how to barter in FOREX. So, just how will you get started in trading in this bazaar bold that you understand how to trade? All you charge is a computer or laptop with an internet connection. You will charge to assurance up an annual with a FOREX broker.
Then, you are provided with a trading software area you are traveling to abject all your trades from.

There are FOREX brokers that will be able to admonish you on what trades you should create and if to trade. This is why you haveto bethink to go with a agent that has a lot of acquaintance in the market. By accomplishing this you will be able to create abiding that you can create some money and aspersing the risks of accident your money.